Gynaecologic Cancer Screenings & Exams
Screening for Gynaecological Cancers: Early Detection for Women's Health
If you’re looking for a gynaecologist that prioritizes women’s health and well-being, then choose Dr Randall Hammond. Dr Hammond understands the importance of early detection and effective screening for gynaecological cancers. Regular screenings can significantly improve the chances of early diagnosis, leading to better treatment outcomes and increased survival rates.
Types of Gynaecological Cancers
Gynaecological cancers primarily affect the reproductive organs in women. The most common types include:
- Cervical Cancer: This cancer develops in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus. It is often caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.
- Ovarian Cancer: Ovarian cancer occurs in the ovaries, the female reproductive organs responsible for producing eggs. It is one of the most challenging gynaecological cancers to detect and is often diagnosed at an advanced stage.
- Uterine (Endometrial) Cancer: Uterine cancer affects the lining of the uterus (endometrium). It typically presents with abnormal vaginal bleeding or postmenopausal bleeding.
- Vaginal Cancer: Vaginal cancer develops in the cells of the vagina, the canal connecting the uterus to the external genitals. It is relatively rare but can occur in women of any age.
- Vulvar Cancer: Vulvar cancer affects the external genital area (vulva) and is often characterised by persistent itching, pain, or changes in the appearance of the vulva.
Screening and Diagnosis
Screening plays a crucial role in the early detection of gynaecological cancers. It involves regular examinations and tests to identify any abnormal changes in the reproductive organs. The specific screening methods depend on the type of cancer being screened for. Common screening and diagnostic methods include:
- Pap Test (Pap Smear): A Pap test is primarily used to screen for cervical cancer. During this simple procedure, a sample of cells is collected from the cervix and examined under a microscope for any abnormalities.
- HPV Test: Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is often done in conjunction with a Pap test to screen for cervical cancer. It detects the presence of high-risk HPV strains that can lead to cellular changes in the cervix.
- Transvaginal Ultrasound: This imaging technique uses sound waves to create detailed images of the reproductive organs, such as the uterus and ovaries. It can help detect abnormalities or masses that may indicate ovarian or uterine cancer.
- Biopsy: If abnormal cells or masses are detected during a screening test or physical examination, a biopsy may be performed. It involves the removal of a small sample of tissue for further analysis to confirm the presence of cancer.
Symptoms and Causes
While regular screenings are crucial, it is also important to be aware of the potential symptoms of gynaecological cancers. Common symptoms may include:
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge
- Pelvic pain or discomfort
- Painful intercourse
- Changes in bowel or bladder habits
- Unexplained weight loss or fatigue
The exact causes of gynaecological cancers are often unknown. However, certain risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing these cancers, including:
- HPV infection
- Family history of gynaecological cancers
- Obesity
- Smoking
- Hormonal imbalances
- Age (risk increases with age)
- Treatment Options
If diagnosed with any type of gynae cancer, it is important to explore treatment options promptly. The choice of treatment depends on several factors, including the type and stage of the cancer, as well as the individual’s overall health and preferences. Treatment options for gynaecological cancers may include:
- Surgery: Surgery is often the primary treatment for gynaecological cancers. It involves the removal of cancerous tissues, nearby lymph nodes, and, in some cases, reproductive organs. The extent of the surgery will depend on the stage and type of cancer.
- Radiation Therapy: Radiation therapy uses high-energy X-rays or other forms of radiation to destroy cancer cells or shrink tumours. It can be delivered externally (external beam radiation) or internally (brachytherapy), depending on the specific situation.
- Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy involves the use of powerful medications to kill cancer cells or prevent their growth. It is often administered intravenously but can also be given orally. Chemotherapy may be used as the primary treatment or in combination with other therapies.
- Targeted Therapy: Targeted therapy uses drugs that specifically target certain molecules or pathways involved in cancer growth. These medications can interfere with cancer cell growth and survival while minimising damage to healthy cells.
- Hormone Therapy: Hormone therapy is primarily used in the treatment of certain gynaecological cancers, such as uterine and ovarian cancers. It involves the use of medications to block or suppress hormones that may promote cancer growth.
- Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy is a rapidly evolving treatment approach that harnesses the body’s immune system to recognise and attack cancer cells. It can be used in some cases of gynaecological cancers to boost the immune response against cancer cells.
Support and Follow-Up Care
Dealing with a gynaecological cancer diagnosis can be emotionally and physically challenging. Our compassionate team is here to provide you with comprehensive support and care throughout your journey. We understand the unique needs of each individual and strive to ensure that you receive the highest level of support and guidance.
We offer on-going follow-up care to monitor your progress, assess treatment effectiveness, and address any concerns or side effects. Regular check-ups, imaging tests, and blood work may be conducted to detect any signs of recurrence or new developments. Our goal is to provide personalised care, empower you with information, and facilitate open communication to optimise your health and well-being.
Screening for any type of gynae cancer is vital for early detection and effective treatment. By prioritising regular screenings, you can significantly improve the chances of early diagnosis and successful outcomes. Dr Hammond is here to guide you through the screening process, provide accurate diagnoses, and develop personalised treatment plans tailored to your unique needs.
With our expertise and compassionate care, we aim to support and empower you in your journey towards optimal gynaecological health. Contact our clinic today to schedule a screening and take the first step towards proactive cancer prevention and early detection.
Feel free to call us on 033 492 0254 or drop us an email. We are located at Suite 7, Hilton Health, 3 Monzali Drive, Hilton, 3245. Your health matters to us.
FAQ
Endometrial cancer, which affects the lining of the uterus, is the most prevalent form of gynaecologic cancer. In contrast, ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women and is responsible for more fatalities than any other cancer affecting the female reproductive system.
Abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge is frequently associated with all types of gynaecologic cancers, with the exception of vulvar cancer. Symptoms such as feeling unusually full after eating, difficulty with eating, bloating, and abdominal or back pain are commonly seen in ovarian cancer. Additionally, pelvic pain or pressure is often experienced in both ovarian and uterine cancers.
The primary types of gynaecologic cancer include cervical, ovarian, uterine, vaginal, and vulvar cancers. Additionally, fallopian tube cancer, although extremely rare, is also classified as a type of gynaecologic cancer.
Factors contributing to gynaecologic cancer risk include prolonged exposure to hormones, particularly through oestrogen replacement therapy, a family history of gynaecologic cancers, genetic mutations acquired over time, and infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), which is linked to nearly all cases of cervical cancer and some vulvar and vaginal cancers.
Gynaecologic cancer tests include Colposcopy: This procedure involves using a colposcope, a lighted magnifying instrument, to inspect the vulva, vagina, and cervix for indications of cancer or abnormal tissue. Endoscopy: In cases of certain gynaecologic cancers, endoscopy is utilized to view the inside of the pelvic organs using specialised scopes. Screening methods include biopsy, transvaginal ultrasound, pap smear, and HPV test.
Key risk factors for gynaecologic cancer include family history, obesity, age, and HPV infection. To help prevent these cancers, regular Pap tests, a healthy diet and lifestyle, genetic testing, and the HPV vaccine are essential strategies.
Endometrial cancer is among the most treatable types of cancer. It is often diagnosed early, allowing for effective treatment through minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery. Typically, the treatment process involves a brief hospital stay of 2-3 days.
In the initial stages of ovarian cancer, symptoms can be present but are often vague and nonspecific. These symptoms may include pelvic or abdominal discomfort, increased abdominal size or bloating, reduced appetite, a sensation of fullness after consuming only a small amount of food, and urinary issues such as urgency and frequency.
In stage 1 cervical cancer, symptoms may include vaginal bleeding after intercourse, between menstrual periods, or following menopause. Menstrual bleeding may become heavier and last longer than normal. Additionally, there may be watery, bloody vaginal discharge that can be heavy and have an unpleasant odour. Pelvic pain or discomfort during intercourse can also be present.
Cervical cancer screening is designed to detect early changes in cervical cells that may lead to cancer. This process involves cervical cytology, commonly known as the Pap test or Pap smear, and may also include testing for human papillomavirus (HPV). Regular screening is recommended for most women to ensure early detection and management of potential issues.
Both tests involve a doctor or nurse collecting a sample of cells from the cervix. The Pap smear focuses on detecting abnormal cells in the cervix, whereas the cervical screening test is designed to identify HPV infection. The HPV test has the advantage of identifying women at higher risk of cervical cancer earlier than the Pap smear.
No, the transducer is specially designed to conform to the shape of your vagina, minimising discomfort during the procedure. Additionally, the lubricating gel applied to the transducer facilitates a smooth and gentle insertion. However, you might experience some discomfort or pressure when the technician inserts the transducer.
Many individuals with HPV are unaware they have the infection, as it often does not cause symptoms or health issues. Some people only discover they have HPV when they develop genital warts. For women, HPV may be detected through an abnormal Pap test result during cervical cancer screening.
If not addressed, endometrial cancer has the potential to spread to the bladder, rectum, vagina, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and other distant organs. However, endometrial cancer typically progresses slowly and is often detected early through regular checkups, before it has the chance to spread extensively.
Cervical cancer is most commonly diagnosed in women aged 35 to 44, with the average age at diagnosis being 50. It is uncommon for the disease to occur in women under the age of 20. Additionally, many older women may not be aware that they remain at risk for cervical cancer as they age.